The total net charge of an isolated physical system always
remains constant. It means the sum of all positive and negative charges in a
system is remains constant and did not change. Charges can neither be created
nor be destroyed, rather these can be transferred from one body to another. In
every chemical or nuclear reaction, the total charge before and after the
reaction remains constant and did not change or alter. The total charge on a
body is equal to algebric sum of all charges present in it. In any physical, if
some amount of positive charge is produced in a system then an equal amount of
negative charge is also produced in it. This law is applicable to all types of
processes like nuclear, atomic, molecular and the like. There is no exception
to this law of conservation of charge. Though it is based on experience yet it
has been experimentally verified by all.
Examples:
We take some examples which proves the law of conservation of
charge in the world. These examples are:
In Nuclear Reaction:
Consider a common nuclear fission reaction. Take a sample of
uranium of mass number 238 and atomic number of 92. This uranium sample is
bombarded with fast and energetic neutron. This neutron is neutral in charge
and after bombardment with uranium it produce barium, krypton, a large number
secondary neutrons and energy. The two side products are also radioactive
elements with lesser mass number ed sample. The mass number of barium is 144
and its atomic number is 56. The mass number of krypton is 92 and atomic number is
36. During the nuclear fission reaction
a larger amount of heat energy is also produced along with alpha, beta and
gamma particles. These all are radioactive in nature.
In process of Pair Production:
In the pair production process, a pair of electron and
positron are grouped together. They both are bombarded together to produce a
large amount of heat and two rays of gamma rays. As we know the electron is
negative particle while the positron is positive particle. Both the electron and
positron are opposite charge in nature. Their charge magnitude is cancelled out
each other to produce a pair of two
gamma rays which are awesome. The gamma rays is group of photon or a packet of
quanta.
In process of Friction:
On rubbing a glass rod with silk, the number of positive
charges transferred on the glass rod is equal to number of negative charges on
the silk. On rubbing an ebonite rod with the fur, the number of negative
charges transferred on the ebonite rod is equal to number of the positive
charges on the fur.
Thus, all the examples mentioned above are due to law of
conservation of charges. The law is universal law and is applicable to any type
of matter and particle in universe. We should learn the more aspects of law of
conservation of charge. The things included should be considered.
